Published Papers - PIAO XIANGDAN
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Human capital and regional disparities: Advancing accounting frameworks with education, health, and population dynamics.
Shuning Chen ,Xiangdan Piao ,Jun Xie ,Shunsuke Managi
PloS one 2025.03 [Refereed]
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
This study advances the inclusive wealth accounting of human capital (HC) to improve global research on the valuation of HC for sustainability. By innovatively integrating complex population dynamics, including schooling and labor force participation, and using a net present value (NPV) valuation method aligned with capital budgeting principles, we quantitatively measure HC in 165 countries. As a methodological advancement, we use a unified framework that incorporates education, health and economic participation via the measurement of life expectancy in different life stages to inform sustainable development investments. Our analysis from 1990 to 2020 reveals significant differences in HC development across countries. While education is strongly correlated with GDP growth, disparities in health and economic participation are critical barriers to long-term HC accumulation. Our findings argue for a comprehensive policy approach that goes beyond investing in education for its financial benefits and includes substantial improvements in health and economic opportunities to promote more equitable HC growth. We emphasize the need to incorporate complex population dynamics into HC assessments to better understand and strengthen the interdependencies between these critical factors, with the aim of reducing global development gaps.
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Continuous worsening of population emotional stress globally: universality and variations.
Xiangdan Piao, Jun Xie & Shunsuke Managi
BMC Public Health ( Springer nature ) 24 ( 1 ) 3576 2024.12 [Refereed]
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
Background
Understanding emotional stress stability in populations is crucial because stress is a key factor in causing depression, and it worsens well-being.
Method
In this study, using repeated cross-sectional data from 149 countries from 2007 to 2021 (N = 2,450,043), we examined time trends of psychological stress in populations worldwide.
Results
Over half of the population experienced emotional stress in 20 countries, and 85% of the countries reported worse psychological stress in 2020 compared with 2008. We found that psychological well-being declined most rapidly among young people compared with other age groups. Individuals living and working in all types of locations (rural/farm, town/village, large city, and suburban areas) and employment (full-time, self-employed, part-time, and unemployed), respectively, experienced continuously worsening emotional stress when comparing three time periods (2008–2011, 2012–2019, and 2020–2021). Furthermore, reducing physical pain and increasing income were noted to be more important than solving health problems for the purpose of decreasing stress.
Conclusion
Emotional stress continuously worsened worldwide over the past few decades, but the trend varied among countries. Our findings highlight the significance of improving people’s living environments to reduce their likelihood of experiencing emotional stress. -
Determinants of pro-environmental behaviour: effects of socioeconomic, subjective, and psychological well-being factors from 37 countries.
Xiangdan Piao, Shunsuke Managi
Humanities and Social Sciences Communications ( Springer nature ) 1 1 - 17 2024.09 [Refereed]
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
The investigation of the relationship between pro-environmental behaviour and the determinants of natural environment sustainability is increasing; however, the heterogeneous effects of these determinants remain unclear. Based on large-scale original cross-sectional data (100,804 observations) from 37 countries, this study investigated the average and heterogeneous effects of socioeconomic, demographic, subjective, and psychological well-being characteristics on individuals’ pro-environmental behaviour using quantile regression. The results confirmed that, on average, a positive association existed between subjective well-being, knowledge of environmental issues, educational attainment, life satisfaction, mental health, positive emotions, and pro-environmental behaviour engagement. Importantly, heterogeneous effects were confirmed in the majority of determinants, including knowledge of environmental issues, education, number of children, life satisfaction, income, negative and positive emotions, and mental health. Given the heterogeneous effect of the determinants, the results suggest that overall better characteristics, including knowledge level, educational attainment, well-being, and family structure, are associated with better pro-environmental behaviour engagement among individuals, contributing to creating an eco-surplus society.
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Infrastructure distribution in cities and the improvement of the well-being of citizens in Japan: evidence from the quantile regression.
Piao, X., Li, C., & Managi, S
Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure ( Taylor ＆ Francis ) 1 - 15 2024.09 [Refereed]
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
Urban construction under the aging society needs to provide efficient services for residents. We investigated the heterogenous relationship between various types of municipality-level critical infrastructure and park construction and the subjective well-being of citizens based on quantile regression using original survey data and the Japanese government statistics bureau of 2015-2017. Positive relationships were found in the low-and middle-level life satisfaction regions owing to the construction of museums or libraries, government branches, government services, health centers, police stations, fire stations, schools, hospitals, post offices, disabled and senior centers, and parks. Moreover, citizens were more likely to feel safe if the living community had comprehensive government-related institutions, including government offices, police stations, fire stations, schools, and post offices, among others. Our results indicated that the number of favorable infrastructures should be increased in areas with low levels of life satisfaction and less-safe communities to improve the citizens’ overall well-being.
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The role of female managers in enhancing employee well-being: A path through workplace resources.
Jun Xie, Xiangdan Piao, Shunsuke Managi
Gender in Management ( Emerald Publishing ) 2024.08 [Refereed]
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
Purpose
Following the job demands-resources theory, this study aims to investigate the role of female managers in enhancing employee well-being in terms of psychological health via workplace resources.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on a large-scale job stress survey of approximately 96,000 employee-year observations ranging from 2017 to 2019, this study applies structural equation modeling to construct latent workplace resources at the task, group and worksite levels and then examines the impact of female managers on employee well-being, including occupational stress, job satisfaction, work engagement and workplace cohesiveness.
Findings
The findings provide supporting evidence for the transformational leadership behaviors of female managers. The presence of women in management is associated with improved workplace resources and employee well-being, particularly workplace cohesiveness, work engagement and reduced occupational stress. These relationships are significantly mediated by workplace resources, which elucidates the underlying mechanisms involved. Notably, the positive indirect effects via workplace resources could counteract the negative direct effects of female managers. Compared with top managers, female middle managers have more substantial impacts.
Practical implications
In practice, it is recommended to promote female representation at the management level and strengthen policies that support female middle managers to ensure favorable effects on workplace resources. In a gender-diverse management team, it is important to share female managers’ experiences in improving employee psychological well-being.
Originality/value
This study provides new empirical evidence to support the transformational leadership behaviors of female managers and elucidates the mechanism of female managers’ influence on employee well-being by introducing workplace resources as mediators. -
Global evaluation of the natural environment and household income for sustainable development.
Xiangdan Piao, Shunsuke Managi
Sustainable Futures ( Elsevier ) 8 2024.07 [Refereed]
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
With global economic growth, the burden on the natural environment is severe, and more and more attention is paid to sustainable development that enhances the economic growth and sustainability of the natural environment. This study aims to show the concern of global citizens regarding the natural environment and household income. It used worldwide individual interview data from 149 countries between 2007 and 2021, with 2,450,043 observations (Gallup World Poll surveys) and an original large-scale internet- and face-to-face-survey from 37 nations with 100,956 observations. Using a binary logit regression model, this study also analyzes public sentiment regarding who should bear the financial burden for environmental conservation. We found that 60 % of citizens showed that their current income provides a comfortable life; on the other hand, 49 % of the respondents were dissatisfied with conservation of the natural environment. The satisfaction with household income was much greater than satisfaction with natural environmental conservation, leaving space for improvement in environmental stringency. For citizens' preferences regarding financial responsibility, the government and companies are expected to afford conservation costs.
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Learning quality, its inequality and sustainable development: evidence from global learning data.
Piao, X
Discover Sustainability, ( Springer nature ) 5 169 2024.06 [Refereed]
Academic Journal Single Work
When studies investigate the impact of average schooling or learning scores on economic development, they rarely focus on the effect of inequality in learning quality on economic development. Human capital is defined as inclusive sources combining citizens’ knowledge and treatment skills. This study uses global learning data to investigate a novel effect of the inequality of reading, math, and science learning scores on economic development and energy selection based on links between and within countries. We found that reducing learning outcome inequality among secondary students is crucial for improving economic development from both short-term and long-term perspectives. Moreover, the positive association between students' learning quality and economic development is confirmed. Compared to the within-country effect, the greater between-country effect of the relationship between learning quality and economic development is confirmed, showing that expectations of the between-country effect might overestimate the favorable effect of education on economic development. On the contrary, the findings show that population learning inequality is less likely to affect national attitudes toward nuclear electricity generation or renewable energy adoption. The insightful policy implications suggest that policy makers should consider reducing learning outcome inequality among students and improving the within-country relationship between education and economic development.
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Multinational Medical Care Evaluation Concerning Aging Populations.
Xiangdan Piao
Journal of Sustainability Research 6 ( 2 ) 2024.05 [Refereed]
Academic Journal Single Work
National health expenditures are crucial for enhancing citizens’ physical well-being. This study aimed to illustrate the affordability of national medical care services and to identify the medical care system’s role in an aging population. The results indicated that national health expenditures significantly reduce perceived health and income inequalities among countries when removing the aging population effect. Regarding affordability, rising national health expenditures (calculated as a share of the gross domestic product) increase public dissatisfaction with family incomes and decrease satisfaction with medical systems. It showed that improved medical care efficiency and public health among middle-aged and older populations due to various socioeconomic factors are expected to reduce the burden of the aging population.
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Zhang, C., Piao, X. & Managi, S.
Sociai Indicators Reseach ( Springer nature ) 2023.09 [Refereed]
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
Mismatches between workers’ actual and preferred hours of work are ubiquitous and have detrimental effects on well-being. Yet, the full heterogeneity of these effects and the characteristics of the most and least affected subpopulations remain largely unknown. This study collects survey data from 37 countries and estimates the full heterogeneity in the effects using a newly developed method—the sorted partial effect method. Based on the full heterogeneity, we employ classification analyses on the 10%-most and 10%-least affected groups and show that individuals most (vs. least) affected by overemployment are younger, while those most (vs. least) affected by underemployment are older. Age is the most influential factor that distinguishes the most and least affected workers when compared with other individual-level factors such as education level, household income, and the number of children. Country-level differences between the most and least affected groups imply that work hour mismatch is more tolerable for workers in relatively poorer countries than for workers in wealthier countries. These findings underscore age-tailored policy responses for alleviating the negative effects of work hour mismatch and provide insights for understanding the complex economic preferences across countries.
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Edward B. Barbier, Shuning Chen, Barbara M. Fraumeni, Moinul Islam, Pushpam Kumar, Robi Kurniawan, Gang Liu, Shunsuke Managi, Xiangdan Piao, Yogi Sugiawan,.
Inclusive Wealth Report 2023: Measuring Sustainability and Equity ( United Nations Environment Programme ) 2023.08
Bulletin of University, Institute, etc. Multiple authorship
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Lessons on the COVID-19 pandemic: who are the most affected
Xie, J., Piao, X. & Managi, S.
Scientific Reports ( Springer nature ) 13 9365 2023.06 [Refereed]
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant changes in work and lifestyle, impacting occupational mental health. This study examines the time and individual heterogeneity in the pandemic's effects on occupational mental health using panel data from job stress checks spanning 2018 to 2021. On average, there was an initial alleviation of high-stress risk in 2020, followed by a deterioration in 2021. Based on the job demand-resource theory, we identify the group of employees most affected by the pandemic. The findings highlight that employees in unfavorable workplace conditions are more likely to experience substantial adverse impacts. Adequate workplace support, including factors like interpersonal relationships, managerial support, job meaning, control, and work-life balance, is crucial for mitigating high-stress risk. Additionally, during the early phase of the pandemic, engaged employees experienced a slight decline in occupational mental health, while those lacking job resources at their worksite faced higher levels of occupational stress in the subsequent year. These findings offer practical suggestions for person-centered coping strategies to mitigate the pandemic's adverse impact.
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The international role of education in sustainable lifestyles and economic development
Piao, X., Managi, S.
Scientific Reports ( Springer nature ) 13 8733 2023.05 [Refereed]
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
Improved economic growth and environmental protection are necessary to achieve the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. This study examines the relationship between people’s education levels and sustainable lifestyles in protecting the environment and economic growth, as expressed by the increase in household equivalent income. We conducted an original cross-sectional survey, which yielded 100,956 valid observations in 37 countries. The factors included educational level, sustainable lifestyle with natural resource consumption, and household equivalent income for economic development. We used logit and ordered logit model and applied an ordinary linear regression model after confirming the association between education and income. Our analyses found that higher educational levels were associated with an increase in specific environmentally friendly behaviors and sustainable energy consumption. Individuals in the higher educational level group tended to consume recycled goods, purchase energy-saving household products, conserve electricity, and separate their waste. Additionally, higher levels of education were positively associated with equivalent household income in all 37 countries, indicating better economic development. Thus, our study underscores the importance of improving education at the broad population level to promote economic development and establish cooperative human behaviors necessary to sustain the environment.
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Xiangdan Piao
Sustainability ( MDPI ) 15 ( 7 ) 6204 2023.04 [Refereed]
Academic Journal Single Work
This study aims to identify household members’ income sharing, when the amount of said income is governed by a particular household member. The results are expected to provide insightful evidence that identifies who is under the poverty line within families. This will illustrate the intra-household allocation inequality by observing the members’ household income dominance. Using the information on household income management obtained from the Japanese Household Panel Survey data (1993–2013) and the original Internet survey, this paper develops an alternative methodology to estimate the household income distribution of couples. A two-step estimation process was employed to estimate the wife’s manageable income equation. Then, the parameters were substituted into the husband’s manageable income equation to estimate the parameters for calculating the wife’s sharing rule. The results are as follows. First, a wife’s share of intra-household resources positively correlates to her manageable income resources. However, wives have weak power in expending the transferred income from their husbands. Second, the remarkable feature is that, on average, wives share 37% of the resources, meaning that the wives’ relative bargaining is weaker than the husbands’. Narrowing the gap in terms of hourly wage between husbands and wives is a crucial tool to reduce the intra-household allocation gap. Third, the wives’ relative intrahousehold income allocation improvement is associated with household environment sustainability activities. To improve the intra-household income allocation inequality, we provide an original approach to explore the intra-household head of household members’ relative income sharing. The results highlight the inequality of intra-household income distribution and confirm that reducing the income gap would be a crucial improvement factor.
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Household energy‑saving behavior, its consumption, and life satisfaction in 37 countries
Xiangdan Piao,Shunsuke Managi
Scientific Reports ( Springer Nature ) 13 ( 1 ) 1382 2023.01 [Refereed]
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
Since energy consumption became an important contributor to climate change owing to carbon emissions, energy-saving behavior and expenditure at the household level have been attracting scholars’ and policymakers’ attention. This study identified whether greenhouse gas emissions at the household level can be reduced through purchase of energy-saving goods and whether the energy-saving behavior enhanced with household income increase. We conducted a large-scale survey across 37 nations using internet-based and face-to-face approaches, collecting 100,956 observations. The wealth effect on energy consumption expenditure at the household level was found to be positive across countries, confirming that energy consumption increases with household wealth improvement. Furthermore, households show a positive association between household energy expenditure and life satisfaction in 27 out of 37 countries, including China, India, the United States, and Germany. Additionally, the favorable effects of household energy-saving behavior are confirmed. However, purchase of household energy-saving products has a limited effect on energy consumption expenditure, compared with that of energy-curtailment behavior. In conclusion, achieving a carbon–neutral household by reducing energy consumption expenditure at the household level is challenging; thus, along with the use of energy-saving goods, alternative energy sources, such as renewable energies, are recommended.
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Donations for environmental sustainability and subjective well-being: Evidence from 37 nations
Xiangdan Piao,Shunsuke Managi
Resources, Conservation & Recycling ( Elsevier ) 187 2022.12 [Refereed]
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
This study investigates donations for environment sustainability and emotional well-being using a large-scale survey of 100,956 observations from 37 nations on 6 continents based on the internet and face-to-face methods according to goal framing theory. The relationship between individuals’ pro-environmental conservation behavior (donations and volunteerism) and positive and negative emotions was determined using an ordered logit model. We found that people engaged in donations (cash and goods) or volunteering had an increased likelihood of experiencing positive emotions and a reduced probability of experiencing negative emotions. Similarly, the results confirmed that 27 of 37 nations, including China, India, the United States and Japan. Donating for nature less than 9% of income was associated with a higher probability of positive emotional well-being and a lower likelihood of negative emotion. Worldwide institutions, such as the United Nations, have constructed new environmental conservation programs that may be an option for contributing to sustainability.
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Occupational stress: evidence from industries affected by COVID-19 in Japan.
Piao, X, J, Xie. & Managi, S.
BMC Public Health ( Springer nature ) 22 2022.05 [Refereed]
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
Background
This study provides objective evidence on the impact of COVID-19 based on employee occupational stress reported from 13 different industries, and examines the determinants of employee psychological well-being. As the economic and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic continue, governments should consider industry-level differences when making support decisions concerning public resource allocation to corporations. However, little evidence exists regarding the differences in occupational stress across industries.
Methods
Employee occupational stress data (N = 673,071) was derived from workers in Japan from 2018 to 2020. The sample comprises workers from 13 industries, including civil services, service industry (other), real estate, medical/welfare, wholesale/retail, academic research, and accommodation/restaurant business. A logit model is employed to investigate the differences in employees’ psychological well-being before and during the pandemic.
Results
In 2020, 11 out of 12 industries had significantly worse occupational stress compared to employees engaged in civil services. Over 23% of employees from the wholesale/retail and accommodation/restaurant industries were observed as high-stress employees. Improved compensation policies supporting these industries are suggested. In contrast, reduced occupational stress was found among employees in the transportation/postal and information/communication industries. Among the 13 industries, aside from high job demands, tough inter-person relationships in the workplace became the most significant stressors during the pandemic.
Conclusions
The results confirm that the pandemic has had a heterogeneous effect on employee occupational stress across industries, thus suggesting that the level of compensation given to different industries during the COVID-19 pandemic should be discussed and approved by the Japanese government. Additionally, support for the wholesale/retail and accommodation/restaurant industries during the pandemic should be improved. -
The impact of cooling energy needs on subjective well-being: Evidence from Japan,
Moegi Igawa,Xiangdan Piao,Shunsuke Managia
Ecological Economics ( Elsevier ) 198 ( 107464 ) 2022.05 [Refereed]
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
Given the increasing energy needs for indoor cooling and the growing attention to energy poverty, it is important to understand how cooling energy needs in the hot summer season affect human well-being in relation to income level. Using Japan as a case country, this study examines how much energy consumption increases in response to higher temperatures in the summer season and how the additional energy needs for indoor cooling, in turn, affect subjective well-being (SWB). The results confirm that higher cooling energy needs can reduce SWB. In relation to income level, the lowest-income group faces the highest cooling energy needs, presumably due to lower energy efficiency in housing. In contrast, the negative effect of cooling energy needs on SWB is the largest for the middle-income group. This contradictory finding implies that behavioral aspects matter for the evaluation of SWB.
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Natural Capital Exploration and Coronavirus Disease Spread in 2020.
Xiangdan Piao
Theoretical Economics Letters, ( Scientific Research ) 12 ( 2 ) 2022.04 [Refereed]
Academic Journal Single Work
The potential relationship between nature and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is provided using cross-sectional macro-data collected including 17 countries of major developed and developing nations whose number of cases were greater than 500 in March 15th 2020. We found that the correlation coefficient is -0.46 between fisheries stock average growth rate per capita from 1994 to 2014 and number of COVID-19 cases in 2020. It suggests that the damage of lives under water and cases of COVID-19 might be associated.
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Long-term improvement of psychological well-being in the workplace: What and how.
Xiangdan Piao,Shunsuke Managi
Social Science & Medicine ( Elsevier ) 298 ( 114851 ) 2022.04 [Refereed]
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
Objective
The World Health Organization states that by 2030, mental illness will become the leading global disease burden. Thus, investigations of job stress might require more heterogeneous and innovative solutions. Existing literature demonstrates that good workplace environments have favorable effects on employees’ psychological well-being. However, studies on long-term effects are scarce. This study examined the long-term impact of comprehensive workplace characteristics and employee responses to stress (coping strategies) on job stress in Japan.
Methods
Under a large-scale 3-year longitudinal study, 1,021,178 observations collected from employees in 390 companies from 2017 to 2019 were used. Employee job stress trends were confirmed based on company-fixed-effects linear regression. The relationship between one-year or two-year lagged comprehensive workplace characteristics or coping strategies, and employee job stress was estimated using linear regression. Favorable effects of the work environment and coping strategy improvement were illustrated based on the regression results simulation.
Results
First, job stress appeared to be steadily worsening among the employees of Japanese companies from 2017 to 2019. Second, low job and psychological demand, high job control, a high level of support from the people around, balanced effort–reward, strong job security, and strong interpersonal relationship have favorable long-term effects on employee job stress. Third, employees’ coping strategies, such as positive thinking, changing mood, requiring help from other people, reduced negative thinking, and avoiding inappropriate emotional divergence have long-term effects on mitigating job stress. Particularly, thinking positively, changing mood, and avoiding directing feelings of anger and frustration toward others reduce high stress in 46% of respondent employees.
Conclusions
A comprehensive well-organized workplace environment and appropriate responses to stress have a long-term favorable effect on employee job stress. These results provide policy measures for improving the workplace environment and for employees to adopt coping strategies to enhance their psychological well-being in the long term. -
Evaluation of employee occupational stress by estimating the loss of human capital in Japan.
Xiangdan Piao,Shunsuke Managi
BMC Public Health ( Springer nature ) ( 22 ) 2022.03 [Refereed]
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
Background
Human capital is thought to be a crucial factor that drives economic growth. This study aims to understand the evaluation of the loss of human capital caused by employees’ occupational stress.
Methods
In total, 1,021,178 observations for employee occupational stress were collected from 390 companies from 2017 to 2019 in Japan. The original cross-sectional survey contains 11,167 employees with occupational stress and their socioeconomic information in 2015. The relationship between stress and annual income is estimated with polynomial regression, and accumulated human capital loss is estimated. Matching approaches are applied for corporate human capital loss.
Results
The negative association between annual income and employee stress is derived, which indicates that the worse the employees’ stress is, the greater the human capital losses. Importantly, we confirmed that most employees have human capital loss, and on average, for male employees aged 25, the accumulated human capital loss will reach approximately $0.6 million USD by retirement.
Conclusion
For corporations, human capital loss is highly correlated with the number of employees, suggesting that reducing the occupational stress of employees can lead to greater corporate performance. -
Environmental, social, and corporate governance activities with employee psychological well-being improvement.
Xiangdan Piao,Shunsuke Managi
BMC Public Health ( Springer nature ) ( 22 ) 2022.01 [Refereed]
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
Background
Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) engagement is expected to benefit corporations in terms of their efficiency and sustainability. The transformative change in management practices would not only provide support for employees but also bring about additional workload, which may affect employee psychological well-being. However, the examination of the relationship between corporate ESG activities and occupational stress is scarce; hence, this study aims to fill this knowledge gap.
Methods
In total, 110,351 observations were collected from 41,998 employees regarding occupational stress to reflect employee psychological well-being. The data were derived from 11 corporations in Japan from 2017 to 2019. Data on ESG activities were collected from the MSCI ESG database from 2015 to 2017. The effect of 1-year lagged corporate ESG activities on employee psychological well-being was investigated using a lagged variable linear regression model.
Results
Positive and negative relationships were found between corporate environmental activities and occupational stress. Activities that reduce water stress during operation and adopt clean technology were found to benefit employees’ psychological well-being. On the contrary, the program for reducing toxic emissions and waste lowered employees’ occupational stress levels significantly. Regarding corporate social activities, the improvement of job satisfaction or work-life balance was associated with occupational stress. However, corporate governance activities were found to have unfavorable effects on employees’ psychological well-being.
Conclusion
The effects of corporate ESG activities on employees’ psychological well-being are found. The managerial implications suggest that caring for employees’ occupational stress during the implementation of environmental activities is necessary, and the adoption of social activities could enhance employees’ psychological well-being. Notably, corporate governance activities are a stressor for employees; top management teams should pay attention to it. -
Gender Gap in Labor Supply, Leisure, Consumption, and Home Production and National Policy in Japan
Xiangdan Piao, Akiko Nasuda
Asian Journal of Empirical Research 11 23 - 32 2021.09 [Refereed]
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
The Japanese government encourages women to increase their labor supply to sustain the Japanese economy affected by the aging population. The female employment rate in Japan has risen significantly since 2012, reaching 64.7% in 2015, well above the 58.5% OECD average. Nevertheless, the total working hours of women have remained steady, as rising part-time employment has reduced their average working hours. Consequently, the gender pay gap is the third-largest in the OECD (OECD, 2017). Moreover, the city-and region-based gender gaps may differ within Japan. Investigation of the regional gender gap in consumption and time use might provide insightful evidence on improving the national policy on women’s labor.
There are two popular methods for analyzing intra-household couples’ resource (income and time) allocation gap. One is the collective model, which explores how resource-management power is distributed between husband and wife in the household. The other method analyzes the issue through the viewpoint of gender identity. Much of the previous research on decision making has focused on married couples. -
Social Capital, Negative Event, and Life Satisfaction: Evidence from 37 Countries.
Xiangdan Piao, Xinxin Ma, Tetsuya Tsurumi, Shunsuke Managi
Applied Research in Quality of Life. ( Springer Netherlands ) 1 - 20 2021.07 [Refereed]
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
This study investigates the effect of social capital and negative events in 37 countries across six continents on subjective well-being, to improve the quality of life in creating sustainable cities and communities. Using large-scale, original, individual-level, cross-sectional survey data, we examine the relationships among negative events in social networks, social capital, and individuals’ subjective well-being. The negative impacts of these events on life satisfaction were found in both high-income and non-high-income countries. Moreover, people’s well-being was highly associated with well-organized social networks across all 37 countries, whereas the magnitude of the effects varied, this might be because the benefits realized from social network are variated across countries. Policies aimed at improving life satisfaction should not only focus on increasing the household income but also consider the substantial …
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Disability Weights Measurement for 17 Diseases in Japan: A Survey Based on Medical Professionals.
Xiangdan Piao, Shuichi Tsugawa, Yukie Takemura, Naoko Ichikawa, Ryohei Kida, Keiko Kunie, Shunsuke Managi
Economic Analysis and Policy ( Elsevier ) 70 238 - 248 2021.06 [Refereed]
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
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Xiangdan Piao, Xinxin Ma, Shunsuke Managi
Social Indicators Research ( Springer Netherlands ) 1 - 26 2021.03
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
Using original cross-sectional Internet survey data from 32 countries in six continents, we investigate the effect of intra-household education gap on the well-being of wives and husbands. According to the results, both wives and husbands with larger intra-household education gaps report a lower probability of life satisfaction. In particular, subjective well-being is worse for a wife or husband with longer years of schooling than their partner, compared to other groups (ie, a couple with an equal level of education or wife or husband with a lower education level than her or his partner). The impact of intra-household education gap on well-being is greater for both wives and husbands in Asian and non-high-income countries, and only wives in Western and high-income countries. It is greater for the well-educated group than for the less-educated group for both wives and husbands. Individual income remains a satisfactory …
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X PIAO, J XIE, S MANAGI
BMC Public Health forthcoming 2021.01
Not Set Multiple authorship
In total, 110,351 observations were collected from 41,998 employees regarding occupational stress to reflect employee psychological well-being. The data were derived from 11 corporations in Japan from 2017 to 2019. Data on ESG activities were collected from the MSCI ESG database from 2015 to 2017. The effect of 2-year lagged corporate ESG activities on employee psychological well-being was investigated by using a lagged variable linear regression model.
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Xiangdan Piao
Social Indicators Research ( Springer Netherlands ) 153 533 - 559 2021.01
Academic Journal Single Work
Previous studies have identified the negative impacts of an increase in the proportion of a wife’s income to the couple’s combined income, as well as of the gap in housework/childcare, on the stability of a marriage, increasing the likelihood of divorce. However, the intrahousehold mechanism is still inconclusive in terms of this issue. In the present study, we investigated a potential alternative mechanism, following the gender identity framework and the collective model and using longitudinal survey data from 1993 to 2015 from the Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers (JPSC). The findings showed that an increase in a wife’s share of the couple income increased her relative bargaining power and had a significant influence on intrahousehold reallocations of income/time. These intrahousehold reallocations, in turn, had a negative impact on the stability of the marriage. In couples with high-income wives, the …
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Xinxin Ma, Xiangdan Piao, Takashi Oshio
BMC Public Health ( BioMed Central ) 20 ( 1 ) 1 - 8 2020.12
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
Social participation (SP) is known to have a favourable impact on health. However, studies on this issue have been conducted mainly in advanced countries, and results in China have been mixed. This study examined the impact of SP on health outcomes of middle-aged and elderly adults in China, adjusted for simultaneity and heterogeneity biases. In total, 57,417 observations of 28,935 individuals obtained from the population-based, three-wave panel survey, Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), conducted in 2011, 2013, and 2015 were used. The associations between one- or two-wave-lagged SP and health outcomes (mental health, self-rated health [SRH], activities of daily living [ADL], and diagnosed diseases) were examined by linear regression models. Individual-level heterogeneity was addressed by the random-effects estimation method. SP was found to have a positive impact on mental health and ADL. Specifically, one-wave-lagged SP improved mental health measure (range: 10–70) by 0.820 (standard error [SE]: 0.199, p < 0.001), the basic ADL measure (range: 6–24) by 0.147 (SE: 0.043, p < 0.001), and the instrumental ADL measure (range: 5–20) by 0.159 (SE: 0.035, p < 0.001). In contrast, SP did not significantly affect SRH or diagnosed diseases. The impact of SP differed by SP type; playing Mah-jong (Chinese traditional game), chess, or cards, or going to the community club had the most favourable effect. The impact of SP on health was also greater for women than men and greater for individuals aged 60–69 years than those aged 45–59 years and aged 70 and older. SP had a positive …
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Managi, S., Piao, X
Monthly Business Vision ( 12月 ) 2020.12
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
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Cooperation between Industry and University Officials: How to Increase Regional Wealth
Piao, X., Kishikami, Yuko., & Managi, S.
Journal of Kyushu Economics 913 ( 11月 ) 16 - 21 2020.10
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
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Income, Intra-household Bargaining Power and the Happiness of Japanese Married Women.
Ma, X., & Piao, X.
Quality of Life in Japan ( Springer, Singapore ) 13 77 - 106 2020.08 [Refereed]
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
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Managi, S., Piao, X
Monthly Business Vision ( 7月 ) 2020.07
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
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Xiangdan Piao, Xinxin Ma, Chi Zhang, Shunsuke Managi
Sustainability ( Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute ) 12 ( 11 ) 1 - 21 2020.01
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
Using original cross-sectional internet survey data from 32 countries covering six continents, we investigated the impact of education gaps between married partners on their health status and sustainable lifestyles using the instrumental variable method. A self-rated health status index, mental health index, and an objective health status index were utilized to assess the health statuses of individuals, and six unique indices were used to investigate the sustainable lifestyles. According to the main findings, work-family conflicts may be severe for both wives and husbands with high education levels, and the hypothesis regarding the positive effect of income was not supported. Two major conclusions were derived. First, in general, as opposed to couples with equal education levels, the probability of reporting a worse health status was higher, and the activities related to sustainable development such as improving environmental sustainability were less for couples with education gaps. Second, a comparison of the effects of education gaps on the health status of couples in various groups reveals that highly educated groups, women, and people in Asian or middle-income countries had a higher negative effect on their health status. View Full-Text
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Intra-household Manageable Income and the Choice on Self or Other Expenditures.
Piao, X.
The Journal of Applied Business and Economics, ( Education and Novel Technology Research Association, ) 21 ( 9 ) 94 - 98 2019.12
Academic Journal Single Work
This paper focuses on the expenditures of heterosexual couples using the Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers. A family’s income transfer information can help identify the division of resources. The results were calculated using Engle curves, and showed that an increase in resources led to an increase in both private expenditures and expenditures on others. In addition, they often spent different resources on themselves and others when they had different levels of income. On average, wives had fewer private expenditures than husbands. Moreover, husbands spent more on private expenditures when had fewer available resources and less when they had more resources.
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The Impact of Intra-household Bargaining Power on Happiness of Married Women: Evidence from Japan.
Xinxin Ma, Xiangdan Piao
Journal of Happiness Studies ( Springer Netherlands ) 20 ( 6 ) 1775 - 1806 2019.08
Academic Journal Multiple authorship
This paper evaluates the correlation between intra-household bargaining power and the happiness of married women using Japanese longitudinal survey data (Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers: JPSC) from 1995 to 2013. The results suggest that when absolute income, relative household income, and other factors are constant, the income gap, wage gap and education gap between wife and husband negatively affect married Japanese women’s happiness. The proportion of the total household income or husband’s income controlled by the wife can positively affect married Japanese women’s happiness. The effects of intra-household bargaining power on happiness are greater for the working married women group than the housewife group.
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Sweets or Alcohol? The Gender Battle within Japanese Families
Xiangdan Piao
Economics Bulletin ( AccessEcon ) 37 ( 1 ) 190 - 203 2017.01
Academic Journal Single Work
This paper provides a new perspective from which to understand intra-household food allocation by examining how gendered differences in food preferences and wives' share of household income—a proxy for wives' bargaining power—influence food allocation. In a two-stage estimation in this study, single households were used to identify whether men and women have different food preferences, and then, households consisting of couples were used to examine how wives' share of household income affects household food allocation. The estimation results show that an increase in wives' share of household income increases the share of expenditure on the sweet foods preferred by women and decreases the share of expenditure on the drinks and alcohol preferred by men. Regarding food eaten inside and outside the home, the share of total expenditure on eating out of households with full-time working wives is increased and the purchases of vegetables and seafood are decreased. These results indicate that a potential disadvantage of increasing the number of female married full-time workers is lower-quality household diets due to increased eating out and reduced spending on vegetables.